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| Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults: the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| Hee Yeon Kim, Chang Wook Kim, Chung-Hwa Park, Jong Young Choi, Kyungdo Han, Anwar T Merchant and Yong-Moon Park |
Seoul, Korea and Research Triangle Park, USA
Author Affiliations: Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Kim HY, Kim CW, Park CH and Choi JY) and Department of Biostatistics (Han K), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA (Merchant AT); Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA (Park YM)
Corresponding Author: Yong-Moon Park, MD, MS, PhD, Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA (Tel: +1-919-541-3630; Fax: +1-301-480-3605; Email: mark.park@nih.gov) |
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) share similar pathophysiological mechanisms, and the relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD has been recently investigated. The study investigated whether low skeletal muscle mass is differentially associated with NAFLD by gender in Korean adults.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was obtained by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by the weight. NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60 in the absence of other chronic liver disease.
RESULTS: Among the included subjects, 18.3% (SE: 1.4%) in men and 7.0% (SE: 0.7%) in women were classified as having FLI-defined NAFLD. Most of the risk factors for FLI-defined NAFLD showed a significant negative correlation with the SMI in both genders. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that low SMI was associated with FLI-defined NAFLD, independent of other metabolic and lifestyle parameters in both genders [males: odds ratio (OR)=1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-1.54; females: OR=1.36; 95% CI: 1.18-1.55]. The magnitude of the association between FLI-defined NAFLD and low SMI was higher in middle aged to elderly males (OR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.22-1.84) than in males less than 45 years of age (OR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.02-1.52) and in premenopausal females (OR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.12-2.03) than in postmenopausal females (OR=1.36; 95% CI: 1.20-1.54).
CONCLUSIONS: Low SMI is associated with the risk of FLI-defined NAFLD independent of other well-known metabolic risk factors in both genders. This association may differ according to age group or menopausal status. Further studies are warranted to confirm this relationship.
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2016, Vol. 15 
