At the annual National Science and Technology Award Conference held on January 8, 2016 in the People’ s Great Hall, Beijing, the Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of End-stage Liver Disease Innovative Research Group from the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, led by Professors Shu-Sen Zheng and Lan-Juan Li, was awarded the First prize for progress in science and technology. In the past thirty years, the group has done remarkably in treating and conquering liver diseases. The application of Li’s Artificial Liver System has improved the survival of patients with end-stage liver diseases. The mortality of acute and subacute severe hepatitis decreased from 88.1% in the 1990s to 21.1% at the present, and that of chronic severe hepatitis from 84.6% to 56.6%. The finding of gut microflora changes in patients with end-stage liver diseases promotes the development of micro-ecology of liver diseases, and enriches the theory about the pathogenesis of the diseases. The Hangzhou criteria for selecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation, proposed by Professor Zheng, has been highly recognized by scientists from other countries, for instance, UCLA and Cleveland Clinic from USA. The 1- and 3-year survival rates of patients after liver transplantation are 88% and 78%, respectively.