BACKGROUND: Previous studies have emphasized the need to reduce tacrolimus (TAC) trough levels in the early post-liver transplantation (LT) period. However, whether late-period TAC trough levels influence the long-term outcomes of liver recipients is not clear.

METHODS: We enrolled 155 adult liver recipients survived more than 3 years after living donor liver transplantation because of non-malignant liver diseases. The maintenance immunosuppressive regimens were TAC monotherapy and combined therapy with mycophenolate mofetil. Patients were divided into three groups according to their late-period TAC trough levels: < 3?ng/mL group, 3-5?ng/mL group, and  >5?ng/mL group. The complications and adverse effects of TAC were analyzed.

RESULTS: Each group showed similar rejection, graft loss and mortality. Patients achieved the?<?5?ng/mL state in less than 4 years had fewer new-onset diabetes, hyperlipidemia, de novo malignancies, and hepatitis B virus recurrence; the complications of renal dysfunction and hypertension rates were the same among these 3 groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our findings indicated that lower TAC trough levels in the late period of liver transplantation are safe, improve the long-term outcomes.