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| Application of intraoperative ultrasound in liver surgery |
| Ya-Wei Xu, Hong Fu ∗ |
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
∗ Corresponding author.
E-mail address: zjufh@163.com (H. Fu). |
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Abstract With the development of color Doppler and laparoscopic ultrasound, now intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) plays an important role in liver surgery. Compared to percutaneous ultrasound (US), IOUS is conducted directly on the liver surface, with no blind spots or dead ends, thus improves the detection, localization and characterization of lesions without influencing factors, such as obesity, ascites and meteorism [1]. Besides, most IOUS uses high frequency ultrasonic probe which provides high resolution so that it can find smaller lesion than computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [2,3]. This is very helpful in patients with liver cirrhosis because it is very difficult to distinguish the lesion from normal liver tissue. IOUS detects up to 30% more nodules in cirrhotic livers. But since such nodules are more often regenerative nodules than tumors, IOUS may overestimate the disease. Contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasound (CEIOUS) becomes an important supplemental measure in recent years. It may be used for the differentiation of small lesion which is difficult for IOUS by observing the dynamic image of micro perfusion.
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2021, Vol. 20 
