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| Immunotherapy for hepatobiliary malignancies: Progress and prospective |
| Lun-Xiu Qin* |
Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
∗ Corresponding author.
E-mail address: qinlx@fudan.edu.cn |
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Abstract Hepatobiliary malignancies include hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancers (BTCs). They are characterized by high heterozygosity, rapid progression, and difficult to treat [1,2]. Recent rapid progress in targeted therapeutic agents has brought new hope for those with advanced HCC [3–5]. But there are problems such as lower response rate, or drug resistance (primary or acquired), as well as poor tolerance due to their side-effects, which make this treatment alone still face great challenges.
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2022, Vol. 21 
