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| Fisetin mitigates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating GSK3β/AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway |
| Jun-Liang Pu a , # , Zuo-Tian Huang a , # , Yun-Hai Luo a , Tong Mou a , Ting-Ting Li a , Zhong-Tang Li b , Xu-Fu Wei a , Zhong-Jun Wu a , ∗ |
a Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
b Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
∗ Corresponding author.
E-mail address: wzjtcy@126.com (Z.-J. Wu).
# Contributed equally. |
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Abstract Background: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI) represents a crucial challenge in liver transplantation. Fisetin has anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and anti-oxidative properties. This study aimed to examine whether fisetin mitigates hepatic IRI and examine its underlying mechanisms.
Methods: Sham or warm hepatic I/R operated mice were pretreated with fisetin (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg). Hepatic histological assessments, TUNEL assays and serum aminotransferase measurements were performed. An in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model using RAW264.7 macrophages pretreated with fisetin (2.5, 5 or 10 μmol/L) was also used. Serum and cell supernatant concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein levels of p-GSK3β, p-AMPK and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-associated proteins were detected by Western blotting.
Results: Compared with the I/R group, fisetin pretreatment reduced pathological liver damage, serum aminotransferase levels, serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α in the murine IRI model. Fisetin also reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins (NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18) in I/R-operated liver. The experiments in vitro showed that fisetin decreased the release of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α, and reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins in H/R-treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, fisetin increased the expressions of p-GSK3 βand p-AMPK in both models, indicating that its anti-inflammatory effects were dependent on GSK3β/AMPK signaling. The anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin were partially inhibited by the AMPK specific inhibitor compound C.
Conclusions: Fisetin showed protective effects against hepatic IRI, countering inflammatory responses through mediating the GSK3β/AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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2021, Vol. 20 
