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Nrf2 and Her3 co-expression in cholangiocarcinoma: Possible biological pathways for potential therapeutic approach |
Paola Parente a , # , ∗, Valentina Angerilli b , # , Giuseppe Zamboni c , Angelo Sparaneo d , Fabiola Fiordelisi a , Leonarda Di Candia a , Matteo Fassan b , e , Paolo Graziano a |
a Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Italy
b Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, 35128, Padua (Padua), Italy
c Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, 37024, Negrar (Verona), Italy
d Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Italy
e Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, 35124, Padua (Padua), Italy
∗ Corresponding author.
E-mail address: paolaparente77@gmail.com (P. Parente).
# Contributed equally. |
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Abstract Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are heterogeneous group of malignancies, encompassing intrahepatic CCA (iCCA), and extrahepatic CCA (eCCA); they are also classified into common hepatic duct cholangiocarcinoma (CHDCCA), choledocus extrapancreatic cholangiocarcinoma (EPCCA) and choledocus intrapancreatic cholangiocarcinoma (IPCCA) and, finally, gallbladder carcinoma (GBCCA). CCAs are relatively uncommon but, over the past 15 years, the incidence has steadily increased worldwide. CCAs are highly aggressive neoplasms, characterized by poor clinical outcome. Since the majority of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, only 10%-15% are suitable for potentially curative surgery [1].
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