Impact of metabolic disorders on gallstone disease and perioperative recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Jun Chen a , # , Zheng-Tao Liu b , c , # , Jing-Ting Lyu c , Guo-Ping Jiang b , d , ∗
a Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
b Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310022, China
c Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
d Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310022, China
∗Corresponding author at: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310022, China.
E-mail address: guoping.jiang@shulan.com (G.-P. Jiang).
# Contributed equally.
Abstract：Background: Gallstone disease (GSD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are common medical disorders worldwide. This study aimed to ascertain how NAFLD, MAFLD, MetS, and other factors affect the development of GSD, and how the GSD-associated factors influence patient recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
Methods: We included 200 patients who were diagnosed with GSD and underwent LC between January 2017 and February 2022. A total of 200 subjects without GSD and “non-calculous causes”during the same period were also included as controls. We compared the metabolic disorder differences between GSD patients and controls. Furthermore, we subgrouped patients based on the comorbidities of preoperative NAFLD, MAFLD, and MetS, and compared the impacts of these comorbidities on short-term post-LC functional recovery of the patients.
Results: The prevalence of NAFLD and MetS were higher in GSD patients (P < 0.05). Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, hyperglycemia [odds ratio (OR) = 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–3.4, P = 0.001] and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–3.1, P = 0.048) were linked to GSD. NAFLD and MetS linked to liver enzymes after LC (P < 0.05). MetS also linked to the levels of inflammatory indicators after LC (P < 0.05). The obesity, hyperlipidemia, low HDL-C level, and hyperglycemia linked to liver enzymes after LC (P < 0.05). Hyperlipidemia, low HDL-C level, and hypertension linked to inflammation after LC (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The prevalence of GSD may be linked to NAFLD and MetS. Hyperglycemia and low HDL-C level were independent risk factors of GSD.
2024, Vol. 23 
